Aggrevated People
Lone Wolf Terrorists

Abstract The aim of terror is not (only) damage to individual people but the uncertainty and threat to society that also suffers considerable damage. This secondary damage is usually substantially greater than the primary damage. This objective of terror is not only pursued by extremist organizations and groups but also by lone terrorist fighters. In the last 100 years 4 people were known internationally as lone wolf terrorists in the western hemisphere: the highschool teacher Ernst August Wagner, the American “unabomber” Theodore John Kaczynski, the Austrian letter bomber Franz Fuchs and the Norwegian mass murderer Anders Behring Breivik. Franz Fuchs was examined by the author and the background to his actions can be taken from own professional experience. Information available about the other perpetrators also reveals similarities to the personality traits and developmental steps which seem to have been important for the terrorist actsand include long periods of a lack of social resonance, rejection and mortification, social withdrawal and autistic demarcation and development of a pseudopolitical ideas (of grandiosity). Each of these lone wolf terrorists tried to pursue their ideals through terror, threats and intimidation of the public, and their own importance grew by the wide public attention which was fueled by the insecurity of the public.

The interest should not only be directed to those individual lone wolf terrorists of this caliber or to the terrorism of states, organizations and groups or to their structure and dynamics but also to the media and public reactions, and finally to the response of society, as they mutually reinforce actions of the terrorists and help the offenders to achieve their goals.

Keywords Societal reaction · Ernst August Wagner · Theodore Kaczynski · Anders Behring Breivik · Franz Fuchs

In the Talmud it says:

“Thoughts become words. words become Action. Actions become Habits. Habits become character. The character is your Fate.”

That doesn’t apply only for the perpetrator, but also for the reaction of society. Only from the interaction the true arises Extent of damage.

Definition attempts

You try yourself scientific with the phenomenon of mass killing to deal with it, that’s how it is first one differentiation necessary. A series of terms is in the media and in literature next to each other used, mostly blurred used and frequently mixed up. Haller [9] has tried this frequently used Terms amok, terrorism, massacre, “school shooting”, extended murder or more expanded suicide to define: Amok comes from Malay, from “amuk” (angry, furious); included it is a “sudden, arbitrary, unprovoked violent attack with murderous or at least considerably destructive behavior and frequent Envelope in one suicidal Reaction”. terrorism comes from the Latin terror (fear, terror) and referred to Violent actions against a (political) order with the aim of turning things around force. massacre comes from the Old French “macacre” (slaughterhouse). It relates focus on one targeted Mass murder under particularly cruel circumstances at warlike Conflicts (mostly through a lone perpetrator). School shooting refers to the use of firearms within a school or in the Environment a school, usually through a current or former students of this school. With expanded suicide become actions referred to, at those a person one or several people in his vicinity and then itself himself kills. Hardly any of the terms is in practice and in the media precise used.

Research approaches and their problems

As well multi-layered like the terms are also the hypotheses to Emergence of mass killings and the methods used those tried will she to explore. Naturally are — especially considering the rarity of those that occur Cases – casuistic Analyzes the most common applied Research approaches. Besides plays – especially at kill perpetrators – the psychological one Autopsy [13][14][20] a significant role. About it out becomes one Variety sociological and criminological hypotheses of various Authors raised [1][2][12][17], e.g. B. about the importance of firearms [3] as important Conditions for mass killings or about the model function of video films or Video games [18] etc

All these Methods recover Dangers and possible errors: casuistic Considerations seduce to Overgeneralizations, psychological Autopsies are prone to misinterpretation, and hypothesis-driven approaches are frequently one-sided by the interests of the authors certainly. In addition, the danger should not overlook become that actual differences blurred will if tried will, several heterogeneous Individual cases to one typological Overall picture to compact. From the author ‘s perspective That’s why it appears first required, the individual cases possible differentiated to analyze and also when attempting generalizations particular Distinctions to take into account, e.g. B. between men and women (about women as perpetrator there is little information, as only 5% of mass killings were committed by women become), between young people and adults as well as between Single and group perpetrators. This must be taken into account become that Mass killings in peacetime despite all medial Attention and that there conveyed Impression one Increase in mass killings relative rare and consistent after World War II frequency occur, namely less common as once per 1,000,000 man-years.

Differentiations

If you want the phenomenon of mass killings under psychopathological aspects capture, is a number of differentiations necessary. How to find it itself between teenagers and adults perpetrators in some areas clear Differences summarized in Table 1. are. Regarding the young people will be in many Publishes the perpetrators and the actions of Columbine as a matrix for the genesis of them actions seen. Become there the following aspects come to the fore moved: The social environment is impaired through disturbed Family relationships and through Rejections and boundaries in the peer group and among educators. The offender draw itself through self-esteem and Masculinity issues from: you experience her sexuality as impaired. they pull itself back, brood, develop anger and hatred, devalue her social Environment and find itself again in one Cycle of insults, resentment and desire for revenge, which ultimately leads to fantasies of killing pass over. Her fantasies become through appropriate media reinforced. Their motives contain desire after Attention and recognition, and their medial role models tempt to imitation and to Justification of one’s own behavior.

Tab. 1 Biographical and psychopathological differences between juvenile and adult perpetrators of mass killings

disturbed | Loner, 30% schizophrenia |

Tab. 2 Psychopathological differences between individual and group terrorist perpetrators

Acting in groups Terrorists differentiate away from individual perpetrators as well as with reference to hers background as also with reference to their intention (Table 2). Also find itself in those appearing in groups actors usually the following Special features: Most Perpetrator consequences one isolated Group ideology that comes with more uniform Rhetoric and absolute thinking connected is. Finds in the groups itself one own dynamics between members, external influences barely still possible might. This internal group coherence becomes through extreme repression mechanisms favored. The group ideology communicates to the perpetrators Feelings of omnipotence and will to superior idea that comes through charismatic Leadership figures reinforced becomes.

The single ones Group members draw itself frequently through chronic Identity crises, through partnership problems, through Egocentricity and narcissism out of. Frequently finds itself at them a high Potential for aggression.

Motives and goals of terrorists

Targets of Terrorism are the spread of fear and terror, the demonstration of the powerlessness of those responsible, the uncertainty and fear of society and the demonstration of one’s own power and strength. This Goals become first reached by the terrorist attack himself, the usually dead and injured to has consequences. For terrorists as well significant and for those affected no less serious are the secondary damages that last over a long period of time Uncertainty in society resulting from this resulting Control measures and counter-reactions from those responsible exist and in the long term in one Behavioral change of society and its members mouths. this in turn pulls one Changing attitudes of society and individual citizens itself. So write Gigerenzer [8], p. 22: “Terrorists hit twice to: First with more physical Violence and then using ours Brains. The first blow pulls the whole thing The second blow, on the other hand, attracts attention remains almost unnoticed. After September 11, 2001, the Americans have it avoided, one Airplane to use out of fear of terrorist Attacks. On the planes of the terrorist attack from September 11^th there are 256 passengers died; the number of through her Avoidance strategies and the resulting ones conditional Car accidents killed was in the on it estimated at 1600 in the following 5 years. During this time the American transported Airlines 2.5 billion passengers. Not a only one died through a Plane crash” [8].

Lone terrorist perpetrators

This Considerations apply also for terrorists lone perpetrator. you will be in the contrast to the members terrorist Groups in literature as Above average intelligence and well educated described, have but frequently no them adequate published work was found (Table 2). Her personality draws itself mostly through paranoid and narcissistic Personality traits out of; striking is at them – in contrast to members terrorist Groups – too a long lasting one sexual Abstinence. In that respect are the targets of terrorists that is similarly, the lone perpetrators differentiate itself but with reference to of their personality and theirs needs of the members terrorist Groups. This from literature taken over Considerations should based on the well-known and well -studied Lone perpetrator checked become.

Terrorist Lone fighter are in the Comparison to the members terrorist Groups an extreme rarity. In the past 100 years in the West hemisphere only 4 terrorist ones Lone perpetrator known become. This show but a number of similarities in the Following worked out become should. One of them, Franz Fuchs, was from the author personally and from Prof. Dr. Reinhard Haller investigates. His casuistry becomes in more detail shown [10].

The 4 terrorists Lone perpetrator are Ernst August Wagner, who lived from 1874 to 1938 and killed 17 people in Degerloch and Mühlhausen in 1913, Theodore John Kaczynski, born in 1942, who lived between 1978 and 1995 his attacks Franz Fuchs (1949–2000), who lived in Austria from 1993 to 1996, unsettled the police and the public in the USA different Attacks left 15 injured and 4 dead and finally Anders Behring Breivik, born in 1979, who carried out 2 attacks in Norway in 2011 committed, at in which 77 people died and 43 were injured became.

Ernst August Wagner

Ernst August Wagner, who worked as “Main Teacher Wagner” in the psychiatric department literature received is and for his Expert Robert Gaupp provided the basis to Description and definition of the disorder of paranoia was provided by [6], killed his wife and four children in Degerloch on September 4^th, 1913 and drove then to Mühlhausen, where he 4 houses at night lit it, waited until the people fled from the flames and for them lap. Twelve people died, and 8 more became difficult injured [5]. Wagner wrote a Letter of confession that he addressed “to my people” and in which he justified his actions and wrote it more Writings that one extremely radical and contemptuous of people attitude for the Expression brought, e.g. E.g.:

There is a lot of people to a lot, half you should right away kill. She ‘s not worth the food because she bad body is. [19]

Also in 1909 he wrote:

We are sailing to very bad smelling lowlands and must now throw out the ballast in order to move to a pure, healthy region hover. I have a keen eye for everything Sick and weak, ordered me for the Executor … I take 25 million Germans on mine Conscience, and it shouldn’t be an ounce heavier be burdened as before. (Main teacher Ernst August Wagner “National Socialist of the first Hour “1909)

and in his Letter of confession is to read:

I demand therefore no Bear with me because I don’t have any against you prevail want to let. I want one gain a heart of stone and one Forehead of Demant. More uninhibited Hate should mine plans forge, and my vengeance shall rage every Emotion of pity suffocate.

Wagner came from one Agriculture, he had 8 siblings, his father died when Wagner was 2 years old. In his autobiography wrote Wagner: “I have him often cursed because he brought me into the world” [quote. according to [7]. You have above him said: “Wagner’s Jakob is a more conceited dissatisfied person, the better would do, his Farm work than behind the beer glass to squat.” The mother should after whose death had several lovers, one unsound lifestyle led and a child born out of wedlock to have. Some biographers saw in this a root of his pejorative Settings towards sexuality. He was a teacher’s assistant from 1884 to 1900, then Junior teacher, from 1902 teacher and from 1911 senior teacher. became Wagner’s wife premarital pregnant, he was of his superiors to Accountability moved and married the woman who had previously submitted his proposals rejected had. He had been married since 1903 and had 5 children, of whom one as infant died.

He was over his act several years earlier planned. He had itself Guns and ammunition procured and target practice carried out in the forest. After his crime he was arrested. The one that began in 1913 criminal trial became without in 1914 condemnation canceled because he was deemed mentally incompetent due to his delusional illness held became. He was taken to the psychiatric ward State hospital Winnenden admitted where he suffered from tuberculosis in 1938 died.

Wagner was one very well-read person who next to his Hate writing also before and after his crime verse dramas wrote. From some superiors and colleagues he became as superior, proud, sensitive, vain, arrogant, polite and straightforward designated. He didn’t have any friends. Gaupp described in his Appraise a polite man with good manners, that willingly investigate let.

Albeit Wagner’s actions through his madness, because of his sodomistic Practices ostracized by the environment to be justified seem, so can also Creation of delusions biographical traced become. He solved itself through one professional Further development out of one of his as unfortunate and shameful experienced Parental home that he despised. He developed due to its increase in education a overdrawn conceited self-image, felt itself but because of one sexually deviating behavior (he described itself himself as a “sodomite” – he had probably in the years 1901 to 1902 in the stable of cows satisfied) with which he is observed believed, excluded and ashamed and ultimately was because of the missing ones promotion offended and believed that he was of his Environment, that of his sexually deviants Behave knew, ridiculed and disregarded become. Excessive self-image, own Deviation from the norm and insult had the breeding ground for what led to the crime paranoid Development prepared.

Theodore Kaczynski

Another case of one terrorist individual perpetrator is Theodore Kaczynski, known as the Unabomber became. Kaczynski (born 1942) grew as the son of Polish parents Immigrants in Chicago. He gained at 16 years old because of his schooling Services a scholarship to Harvard College after previously skipping two grades in high school had. He was alive relative withdrawn and considered as pronounced unsociable. He studied mathematics at Harvard and the University of Michigan and became there and later in California Assistant Professor. In 1969 he resigned without more explanation and pulled In 1970 he returned to the mountains of Montana, where he lived in a... himself built Wooden hut as hermit lived. From 1978 to 1995 he committed 16 bomb attacks; in 1985, 1994 and 1995 this Assassinations Fatalities. Exposed he was because he wrote a manifesto that was published and in which Kaczynski’s sister influenced the writing style hers brother recognized. In 1998 he became lifelong Imprisonment sentence condemned. Kaczynski referred to itself as an anarchist, he stated that he was a member to be a group (Freedom Club) that sends letter bombs send [15]. He sent his 35,000 words anonymously in 1995 comprehensive manifesto Industrial society and its future (Unabomber Manifesto). He explained in that he carried out the bombings finish will if his manifesto is in a published in a national newspaper would. He justified his attacks so that he could see the world in front of it preserve want to become dependent on elites through mechanization to that manipulate people would [4]. Passages from it find itself also at later terrorist lone fighters (Fuchs, Breivik) again. Examples out of read his manifesto itself How follows:

1.“The consequences of the Industrial Revolution for humanity as one catastrophe proven. Our Life expectancy is thereby in the “advanced” countries significant increased, at the same time but resigned as a result one Destabilization of society that became life unfulfilled, people fell into one unworthy Dependency, this one Development has to far spread psychological problems led (in the third world too to organic diseases) and nature became inflicted untold damage. The continuous Development of technology the situation will continue worsen. With Security humanity will be in yet larger Dimensions become and become dependent still more powerful Natural damage appear. Probably become the social Uprooting and the psychological problems still strengthen and finally also in “advanced” countries to one Increase in diseases lead.

1. …

1. But also if the system collapses, the consequences will be very painful. The stronger but the system itself developed, all the more so more catastrophic will be the consequences of the collapse. That’s how it would be a more quickly Collapse of the system more desirable as to one later Timing.

1. Therefore step we for a revolution against the industrial system This revolution can with or without Violence carried out will you can suddenly appear or themselves in one longer process above several decades carry out. We are unable to predict that. But we become quite general measures outline so that the opponents of the industrial system can pave the way for a revolution against prepare this form of society can “.

Anders Behring Breivik

The youngest The previous case was that of Anders Behring Breivik, who died on July 22, 2011 Bomb attack in Oslo, in which 8 people died, and then on the holiday island of Utoya, 69 mostly young people with one automatic gun shot. About it out There were 43 people with the two attacks physically considerably injured. Also know about Breivik’s life we relative a lot: He was born in 1979, his parents separated itself one year later; he lived first with his mother in Oslo at 2 years old in one educational Part-time facility, applied as difficult child and became child psychiatric at age 4 investigated. He became as described as a neglected child who was unable to express himself emotionally. More regulatory Measures are not known. He attended high school, however without Diploma left. He was busy itself with marketing, founded smaller companies, remained but economically without Success. He should with illegal shops earned larger amounts of money have that he through Stock market speculation Mostly again lost have should. Anders Behring Breivik joined right-wing radicals and especially Islamophobic ones circles and was a member one Norwegian Masonic Lodge. Before his Assassinations Breivik wrote under a 1500-page manuscript under a pseudonym entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence, in which he as a “commander” of one alleged Successor organization to the Knights Templar designated. He copied some Passages from Theodore Kaczynski’s manifesto and right-wing radicals as well as anti-Islamic Authors in his manuscript, which states, among other things:

We look on what ours Forefathers … did and state that we Europe only rescue can if we the principles ours ancestors accept... Forward, Christian Fighter!

Breivik also posed before the attack a video on the internet in which he is also as Commander of the Knights Templar designated.

In one first psychiatric Appraise Breivik was diagnosed with one paranoid schizophrenia posed, however as very controversial was valid and violent criticized became. In one second Appraise the diagnosis was made narcissistic and antisocial personality disorder posed [11][16][21][22][23]. Another as Expert called in psychiatrist expressed suspicion that Breivik had Asperger ‘s syndrome suffer.

Regardless of the possible psychiatric Diagnoses is out of from a distant point of view, the turning away from one as impairing experienced primary social Environment recognizable, the increasing social Isolation, the escape into ideas of grandeur that exist in... contrast to the real one reality of life stands. It can assumed be that the discrepancy between subjective Size ideas and the objective reality of life to continuous Experience of insult led, eliminating the destructive impulses ever again reinforced became.

Franz Fuchs

Franz Fuchs became as older of 2 brothers (+ 11 years) and the son of one Fassbinders and early retirees in Gralla, a population of 2,000 counting rural community in southern Styria. He grew up modestly conditions, visited on his Hometown is the elementary school where the teacher is him as best student she ever had have, referred to have should. He changed after the 4^th grade as Driving student to the high school in Leibnitz, 5 km away, where he was at the top of his class for several years and graduated in 1968. Afterward he did his military service; he had a during this time only one Girlfriend. One that has begun Studies he could financial Found not continue. He initially left in 1970 to VW in Wolfsburg and then to Daimler in Stuttgart, where he worked on the assembly line worked. There he lived in furnished rooms, just found limited connection to work colleagues and had no about it going beyond acquaintances. When he was in Stuttgart no professional Advancement saw, he returned to his homeland in 1976 and moved in one Granny flat in his Parents’ home, where he is also surrounded by his family largely isolated lived and barely Visits allowed. In 1977 he found work at one

Geometer, which he left in 1984 after the death of the boss had to. After temporary Unemployment and accepting odd jobs, he took a job in 1985 engineering office, where he remained until he was fired in 1989. His last He found a job with the Styrians Electricity plants. Here too the work was over ended a few years ago.

His flat he had it with him the whole time his Parents. He went away hardly and had except superficial acquaintances in his Hometown and fugitives contacts with work colleagues only to his family of origin one closer Relationship. But also his family members knew little from him.

Relationships to people outside the family limited refers to temporary superficial Contacts. There were no intimate partnerships after 1970.

On October 1, 1997, Franz Fuchs lit the fire one random Police check one Pipe bomb, his two hands demolition. He became arrested and in March 1999 sentenced to life imprisonment. In the In February 2000 he hanged himself in his cell.

Its terroristic Career Franz Fuchs began in 1993. It exploded in December a letter when the mayor of Vienna, Helmut Zilk, wrote it opened. Eight more Celebrities who are as well like Zilk for ethnic rights Minorities deployed in Austria received comparable letters. In August 1994 one Pipe bomb in one German-Slovenian school found in Klagenfurt. The police officer who defuses this bomb wanted, were both hands torn away. It happened in October 1994 one second Series of letter bombs sent to organizations and employers Posted that employed foreigners or stood up for their rights. Personal injury occurred this Bombs not a. In the February exploded one Pipe bomb in one Roma settlement in Oberwart, 4 dead and one seriously injured demanded. In June 1995 one third series of letter bombs sent, among other things, to the dark-skinned TV presenter Arabella Kiesbauer and the deputy Lübeck mayor directed were whose employees at the Opening the bomb injured people. The 4^th letter bomb series in October 1995 addressed foreign doctors and refugee organizations and led also to Injuries. In December of the same year became the public through the 5^th letter bomb series startled. She met the UN refugee commissioner and foreign ones Dating agencies. The letter bomb of the 6^th series was in December 1996 to the stepmother of the then Austrian Interior Minister directed, could but from the police defused become.

If you look at the abnormalities and their... Development Franz Fuchs traces it, that’s how it is first to recognize that he is from childhood and throughout as outsider experienced: As a child in his home community He didn’t share the interests of his peers and couldn’t, wasn’t allowed to or wanted with this one not keep up. When he was 11 years old he went to high school in the big city came, he was because of his rural dialect and one speech error mocked. He could as well as out of financial How out of temporal Found with schoolmates none from the city Relationships bond and felt itself excluded, which he did until Ending as special Insult remembered kept. Its subjective felt Inferiority he compensated with the conviction of the intellectuals superiority that he has excessively persistent, almost compulsive Acquisition of knowledge to confirm sought. A communication of his needs, desires or He was offended due to his schizoid and compulsive nature nature on the one hand and due to the lack of interest in parents house at his academic Development on the other hand not possible. A feeling of belonging to any group outside the family he didn’t develop it. He felt himself in relation to his special intellectual skills misunderstood.

Another insult Franz Fuchs found out when him after high school and military service a scholarship that would allow him to continue his university studies enabled would have failed was, even though he himself intellectually the other Candidates superior felt, for himself a claimed the right to a scholarship and was financially dependent on the scholarship. He felt felt disadvantaged in Austria and left to Germany. He was initially able to work in Wolfsburg and Stuttgart still as Internship accept, took she however with increasing duration as Laborer job true. It hurt him deep, as a Turkish Assembly line worker because of whose function as Interpreter promoted but he was a high school graduate not. As he because of that returned to Austria, he felt as failure and committed a Suicide attempt, which leads to Admission to psychiatry led. This “psychiatrization” Franz Fuchs took it as an extreme insult true. When he subsequently one employment found by the surveyor had, his self-confidence increased again, and he became convinced that he was the most important and conscientious employee of the company, because of that and because of his intellectual skills superiority no one Accountability debt and the one with the employees no personal contacts maintain need. He stayed isolated, and his private life stayed hidden. After his release stayed him one equivalent place of work denied for a long time, and also when he found her, it came to pass similar difficulties How with the surveyor until he finally none Employer found more.

Difficulties at the workplace and the missing recognition conditional his resentment. He recognized that the reason was that he was being denied academics Training failed while looking at foreigners generous financial Support granted had. He developed a hatred of strangers and more more on those who are strangers supported.

ethnic in Austria in 1987 minorities the Austrian Nationality received, he became alert and suspicious. When he took part in one in 1989 place of work quit became, at the same time the iron one Curtain fell and a influx Eastern European Immigrants feared On the one hand, Franz Fuchs was afraid for the Social case to will, on the other hand, the conviction to stand up for the rights of German-speaking Austrians to must. He pulled itself increasingly back and entrenched in the granny flat in the parental Estate. On July 29, 1993 he decided to take action to become after he im radio an interview with one Vice Lieutenant of the Federal Army heard had that about the unfortunate Fate of the Yugoslavia refugees spoke. He wrote in this Connection a Listener’s letter and began his first Letter bombs to craft.

This began the series of bombs that... through this distinguished that the bombs different constructed, different deposited were and also different addressees met, myself if the target is in a based on a consistent idea. The one behind it strategy consisted of one Maintaining the threat scenario at more simultaneous concealment of the perpetrator; one Tactics, which the the uncertainty at Investigative authorities, media and population strengthened and thus to Demonizing the Terrorist contributes. When on October 25, 1996 the then Austrian Chancellor Vranitzky resigned, Fuchs was convinced that this would happen to have. He believed focused on the target of his (terrorist) actions and won from there point in time (incorrectly) the belief is discovered to be. He waited for his capture and tinkered Booby traps and one Pipe bomb he is using suicide wanted in case the police to him come would. He tried to implement this plan when he happened upon it at one Traffic control stopped was and arrested to become believed. Last Fuchs therefore misjudged reality, he was there one Relativization again limited in position than he is with the actual Investigations confronted became.

The motive for his attacks was from a psychiatric perspective not only in one xenophobia, but also in the need of his intellectual superiority to prove. His bombs were so clever built with changing Construction schemes that have so far been used in terrorist circles not known were that the investigators of that assumed that there were several Perpetrator acted, the special one Training enjoyed had. His letters were peppered with historical details, so also in this regard professionals as Authors of the letters supposed became. Than after the capture more suspected right-wing radical suspicious in the January 1994 Letters from the Bavarians Liberation Army (BBA) found were, became one right-wing radicals Terrorist group behind the attacks supposed.

In his Letters of confession, which he wrote as a BBA, he presented his insider knowledge of the investigation, his detailed historical knowledge as well show how his hatred of foreigners, e.g. B.: “In this country there are persons welcome that look How we who pray How we and they speak How us.“ But: “They all are clueless and believe that we wandering ones Mediterranean, Asians, Africans and Pagans as well our Master caste of the Tschusch full accept.“

Because of the versatility of his knowledge and the flawlessness of his writing some believed that behind the series of letter bombs several persons put would have to, others suspected a genius, one Chemist, one mathematician, one Germanists and one historical Mastermind who is closely related to the heroic ancestors of the “Bajuwars”. was familiar (Zeit online 2011, issue 31).

Franz Fuchs had out of from a subjective point of view a lot achieved: Crafting more sophisticated Letter bombs, their technology too professionals didn’t understand, he felt Admiration of his knowledge and skills. The powerlessness of the investigators and their superiors showed his own power, the fear and uncertainty in authorities made his superiority clearly with which he the others intimidate could, the media and political Attention fueled the narcissistic (existential) appreciation of one’s own Significance: He was the BBA himself and was considered so important perceived How one whole troop.

This Secondary effects were him far more important than the concrete ones Harm to the people he hurt or killed.

Observance of ethical guidelines

Conflict of interest: N. Nedopil indicates that no Conflict of interest is present. This post contains no Studies to people or animals.

Literature

[1] Adler L (2009) Amok and extreme violence in schools, Neurotransmitter 17–25

[2] Bannenberg B (2010) “Shoots”. criminological Neurology 29 423–430

[3] Cattell RR (1965) The scientific analysis of personality. Penguin, Harmonsworth

[4] Dammbeck L (2005) The network – the construction of the im Appendix: Industrial society and its future (Unabomber Manifesto) v, Edition Nautilus

[5] Foerster K (Ed) (1999) Madness and perspectives and documents on the Wagner case. Sindlinger- Burchartz, Nürtingen

[6] Gaupp R (1938) Illness and death of the paranoid mass murderer Principal Teacher An Epicrisis. Z Ges Neurol Psychiatr 163 48–82

[7] Gaupp R (1914) On the psychology of the main teacher Wagner von Degerloch. In: Gruhle HW, Wetzel A (eds) Criminal Types, Springer, Berlin

[8] Gigerenzer G (2013) Risk: How to choose the right ones decisions meets. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh

[8] Gigerenzer G (2013) Risk: How to choose the right ones decisions meets. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh

[9] Haller R (2012) Amok, massacre, terror – forensic psychiatric aspects. In: Yundina E, Stübner S, Hollweg M, Stadtland C (eds) Forensic psychiatry as interdisciplinary Science, medical-scientific Publishing company, Berlin, pp. 89–101

[10] Haller R, Nedopil N (1999) The Franz Fuchs case. Psychopraxis 5 40–47

[11] Hartleb F (2012) The analysis of the “Breivik” case: lonely WolfTerrorism as important, but neglected Sui generis phenomenon within the In: Möllers MHW, Ooyen RCv (Ed.) Yearbook for public Security, Publishing House for Police Science Frankfurt a. M, S71–S92

[12] Kirchner J (2009) Amokläufer von heute – Mobbingopfer von ges Neurologe Psychiater 10 14–18

[13] Knoll JL (2008) The psychological autopsy, part I: applications and methods. J Psychiatr Pract 14 393–397

[14] Knoll JL (2009) The psychological autopsy, part II: toward a standardized protocol. J Psychiatr Pract 15 52–59

[15] Mahan S, Griset PL (2007) Terrorism in perspective. Sage, Newbury

[16] Melle I (2013) The Breivik case and what psychiatrists can learn from it. World Psychiatr 12 16–21

[17] Peter E, Bogerts B (2012) Epidemiology and psychopathology of school shootings. First Results one Analysis of the criminal records of 27 gunmen. Neurologist 83 57–63

[18] Plener PL, Fegert JM (2010) What will happen ? here played ? Computer games and “shooting sprees” in neurology 29 446–450

[19] Schroer J, Trautmann K, Dern H, Baurmann MC, Puschel K (2003) The significance of medico-legal findings for behavioural analysis in unsolved homicide Leg Med (Tokyo) 5 (Suppl 1) S243–S246

[20] Syse A (2013) Breivik – the Norwegian terrorist case. Behav Sci Law 32 389–407

[21] Taylor M (2013) Do cases like that of Anders Breivik show that fanaticism is a form of madness? BMJ 345 e4612

[22] Wessely S (2013) Anders Breivik, the public, and Lancet 379 1563–1564